2013/05(275) 多拉公园,都灵,意大利
多拉公园,都灵,意大利
PARCO DORA, TORINO, ITALY, 2004-2013
建筑设计:拉兹+合伙人景观建筑及城市规划事务所
LEADING ARCHITECTS: Latz + Partner Landscape Architects Urban Planners
景观重塑自身
19 世纪末都灵工业化开始,许多工厂沿着多拉河被建造起来。20 世纪初,随着菲亚特钢铁厂以及米其林轮胎厂的建设,工业化抵达鼎盛时期。1980 年代,这些工厂随着工业大萧条而关闭。这使城市中心弃置了大面积破败不堪的城市用地,以及许多零星废弃的土地。
1998 年,一个城市更新项目启动了,用以重塑这些后工业时代大萧条遗留的地区,并且赋予它们全新的功能。由于多拉公园包括了一些积极的工业遗产景观,它象征着对于反映城市变迁的内部城市景观的全新解读。
公园包括5 个独立区域,其中3 个以曾经位于此处的工业公司命名。多拉河、主要的交通干线和新住宅区处于主导地位,但是,其真实的、独一无二的特点则源于工业化过往的残迹。
公园5 个分区之间的联系及它与周边地区的连接是新公园可持续理念的重要元素。该理念的目标是混合各部分的独立特点,并加入新元素强化其特点,创造出统一的公园体验。
因吉斯特
因吉斯特是公园中区域最狭长、设计理念注入最多的一处。最高处精心设计的广场和步道连接着毗邻的建成区域,并且形成了西侧公园的入口。坡道和台阶沿着6m 的高墙伸向南侧区域,它为多种不同的活动和沉思冥想提供了空间。
令人印象深刻的先前层压机的底座结构被转化为水景花园,建筑毁坏的内部也被转化为“封闭的花园”,作为公园与道路之间的屏障。一列壮观的钢柱支撑着从伯格若路引向位于公园中心的维塔利的抬升步行道。
从高处可以看到神圣的工业建筑——7 栋高塔、被改建为新圣托瓦尔托教堂钟楼的烟囱以及维塔利的高耸钢柱——之间和谐的相互作用。
维塔利和莫尔塔拉路
位于前维塔利钢厂大厅的巨型结构形成了令人着迷的、充满生气的公园中心。建筑的外表皮和大部分屋顶被拆卸后,30m 高的红色钢柱群现在看起来像一片“未来的丛林”。茂密的草木和公共生活已经接管了这片人造环境,巨大的混凝土高塔和基础正在变成绝妙的游乐场。仍保留屋顶的大厅部分已经变为提供遮蔽的多功能活动区。
在北面,柱网一直伸向种植着开花树木的大片草地。公园内部的空间由新的公路隧道围绕。沿途设有廊架和大树的宽敞步道连接着临近的居住区。它不仅提供了令人愉悦的环境,同时提供了望向这片由废弃工业用地改造而成的景观的独特视角。
从西侧穿过公园钢铁心脏的人行天桥,横贯毗连的草地,伸向新的“城市阳台”。一片沿着隧道墙的种植树木的大斜坡连接着公园的两个高差,左右两边均有令人印象深刻的维塔利冷却塔。
塔和泥浆坑现在都用于容纳干净的水。它们是雨水处理系统的一部分,从屋顶和开放的水沟、水渠表面收集雨水,并在水塘和蓄水池中存储。
夜间照明使这些工业纪念碑变为周边地区都可看到的标志性景观,并且内部形成了一个神秘的新世界。低层的“蓝厅”光线柔和,光带沿着步行路,描画出以前大厅的外轮廓线。
米其林
前米其林轮胎厂的地段被改造成了一片广阔的草地公园,因其景观和地貌而特征鲜明。一片新建的潮汐池打开了多拉河的边界;开挖料用于制作朝向道路和建筑的庇荫的大地雕塑。沿河通道可以连接水面和跨池钢桥,以及通往对岸维塔利的人行桥。一列列不同树种的树木被种植在大地雕塑的浅坡上提供着树荫。
一条“高路”到达顶点,人们可以从那里望向因吉斯特和维塔利,以及东边的苏佩加尔朝圣教堂和西边的阿尔卑斯山。从远处可以看到公园西南侧的冷却塔,它将被改造成可进入的声光雕塑。
华道角
在华道角,菲亚特钢厂延伸至整个区域,同时跨越了河流。地块内仅剩下覆盖了这部分公园的3/4的混凝土路面,坚固的混凝土石板将从多拉河上被清除,但是河流仍保留其混凝土河床。水面从黑暗处上升到可见处,流过钻孔的墙体,就如同穿过荒芜的峡谷。开放的水道两侧是有围墙的步道。在河两岸用开挖料修建的平台上种植的几百棵树,让人回想起从前建筑物的格网。树荫为不同的活动提供了荫庇的场所,宁静的布置为自由的水道创造了完美的背景。在旧建筑的底部结构上建造的步道连接了华道角的南北两侧。
华道角的南部于2011 年完成,并与京都议定书一致,实现碳中和(“零影响”)。□(王寒妮译)
A landscape reinvents itself
The industrialization of Turin began at the end of the 19th century along the banks of the River Dora. It reached its zenith in the early 20th century with the construction of the Fiat Ferriere Piemontesi steel and sheet metal works and the Michelin tyre factory. The factories shut down in the general decline of the industry during the 1980s. They left a large area of urban dereliction in the city center, in addition to many small pockets of disused land.
An urban renewal programme was launched in 1998 to regenerate these areas of post-industrial dereliction and to give them a new use. Due to the positive inclusion of its industrial heritage the Parco Dora signifies a new understanding of inner urban landscapes that reflects the transition of society.
The park comprises five separate areas , three of which are named after the industrial companies that used to occupy the site, which is dominated by the River Dora, main traffic arteries and new residential areas, although its true and unique character is derived from the remnants of its industrial past.
The connection between the park‘s five areas and the links into the surrounding neighborhoods were an essential element in the sustainable concept for the new park. The aim was to incorporate the individual character of each area, to strengthen and enhance them with new elements and create a unified park experience.
Ingest
Ingest is the narrowest area of the park with the most design input. At the uppermost level carefully designed squares and promenades link into the adjacent built-up areas and form the entrance points in the west of the park. Ramps and steps along six-meter high walls lead to the southern part, which offers space for many different activities as well as contemplation.
The impressive substructure of the former laminating works was transformed into water gardens and the gutted building into a “hortus conclusus”, which screens the park from the road. A line of imposing steel columns supports the elevated walkway that leads across Via Borgaro to Vitali in the center of the park.
The elevated viewpoint reveals the harmonious interplay of sacred and industrial architecture – the seven towers, the industrial chimney that was transformed into the campanile at the new Santo Volto church and the tall steel columns at Vitali.
Vitali and Corso Mortara
The huge structure of the hall at the former Vitali steel mill forms the fascinating and vibrant center of the park. After the outer skin and large sections of the roof had been dismantled, the 30-metre high red steel columns now look like a “futuristic jungle”. Lush vegetation and public life have taken over this artificial environment, the vast concrete towers and foundations are being turned into fantastic playgrounds.
The section of the hall that still has a roof has become a sheltered multi-functional event space.
In the north, the grid of the columns extends towards a large meadow with the trunks of flowering trees. The space within the park is contained by the wall of the new road tunnel. A broad promenade with pergolas and tree canopies links across it to the adjacent residential area. Not only does it provide a pleasant environment but also offers exceptional views of the landscape that has developed since the demise of the industries.
The Passerella crosses the steel heart of the park from the west, traverses the adjoining meadows and leads to the new “city balcony“. A wide ramp with tree planting along the tunnel wall connects the two levels of the park which are flanked by the impressive Vitali cooling towers.
The towers and the slurry basins now hold clean water. They are part of the stormwater management system that collects rainwater from roofs and surfaces in open rills and channels, and stores it in pools and cisterns.
Night-time illuminations turn the industrial monuments into widely visible landmarks and create a mysterious new world on the inside. The lower level of the “blue hall” is softly lit, light bands follow the walkway and trace the outline of the former hall.
Michelin
The site of the former Michelin plant is developed into a spacious meadow park that is characterized by its landscape and topography. A newly constructed tidal pool opens up the edge of the Dora; the excavation material is used in a sheltering earth sculpture towards the road and the buildings. A path along the river allows access to the water, steel bridges cross the pool and link up with a footbridge to Vitali on the opposite bank. Rows of different tree species are planted on the shallow slopes of the earth sculpture where they provide shadow. A “high route” follows the crest and offers views of Ingest and Vitali, as well as impressive vistas to the Superga pilgrimage church in the east and the Alps in the west. The widely visible landmark of the cooling towers in the south-west of the park will become a walk-in light and sound sculpture.
Valdocco
In Valdocco, the Fiat steel works extended over the entire site as well as across the river. A concrete slab covering three-quarters of this section of the park is all that remained. The solid slab will be removed above the Dora, but the river kept in its concrete bed. Water rises out of darkness into the light of day and flows through the pierced wall, like through a wild gorge. The opened up water course is flanked by walled-in promenades. On the terraces, which have been constructed with excavation material on both sides of the river, hundreds of trees are reminiscent of the grid of the former buildings. Their canopies provide shady spaces for diverse activities, and the tranquil setting creates the perfect backdrop for the “technical ravine” of the freed water course. Walkways erected on the old substructure connect the north of Valdocco with the south.
The southern section of Valdocco was completed in 2011 and, in line with the Kyoto Protocol, implemented carbon neutrally (“impatto zero”).
业主/Client: 都灵市城市改造部/Città di Torino, Division of Urban Renovation
领衔设计/ 景观建筑/Lead Design/Landscape Architecture: Latz+Partner Landscape Architects
Urban Planners
项目管理/ 水文地理/Project Management/ Hydrology: STS Servizi Tecnologie Sistemi S.p.A.
建筑/Architecture: Studio Pession
工程/Engineering: Studio Cappato Meluzzi
照明设计/Light Design: Pfarré Lighting Design
农艺/Agronomy: Dario Grua
艺术/Art: Ugo Marano
委托时间/Commission: 2004
开放时间/Opening: 2011.05 (第一阶段/First parts)
竣工时间/Completion: 2013
总面积/Total Area: 39hm2
PARCO DORA, TORINO, ITALY, 2004-2013
建筑设计:拉兹+合伙人景观建筑及城市规划事务所
LEADING ARCHITECTS: Latz + Partner Landscape Architects Urban Planners
景观重塑自身
19 世纪末都灵工业化开始,许多工厂沿着多拉河被建造起来。20 世纪初,随着菲亚特钢铁厂以及米其林轮胎厂的建设,工业化抵达鼎盛时期。1980 年代,这些工厂随着工业大萧条而关闭。这使城市中心弃置了大面积破败不堪的城市用地,以及许多零星废弃的土地。
1998 年,一个城市更新项目启动了,用以重塑这些后工业时代大萧条遗留的地区,并且赋予它们全新的功能。由于多拉公园包括了一些积极的工业遗产景观,它象征着对于反映城市变迁的内部城市景观的全新解读。
公园包括5 个独立区域,其中3 个以曾经位于此处的工业公司命名。多拉河、主要的交通干线和新住宅区处于主导地位,但是,其真实的、独一无二的特点则源于工业化过往的残迹。
公园5 个分区之间的联系及它与周边地区的连接是新公园可持续理念的重要元素。该理念的目标是混合各部分的独立特点,并加入新元素强化其特点,创造出统一的公园体验。
因吉斯特
因吉斯特是公园中区域最狭长、设计理念注入最多的一处。最高处精心设计的广场和步道连接着毗邻的建成区域,并且形成了西侧公园的入口。坡道和台阶沿着6m 的高墙伸向南侧区域,它为多种不同的活动和沉思冥想提供了空间。
令人印象深刻的先前层压机的底座结构被转化为水景花园,建筑毁坏的内部也被转化为“封闭的花园”,作为公园与道路之间的屏障。一列壮观的钢柱支撑着从伯格若路引向位于公园中心的维塔利的抬升步行道。
从高处可以看到神圣的工业建筑——7 栋高塔、被改建为新圣托瓦尔托教堂钟楼的烟囱以及维塔利的高耸钢柱——之间和谐的相互作用。
维塔利和莫尔塔拉路
位于前维塔利钢厂大厅的巨型结构形成了令人着迷的、充满生气的公园中心。建筑的外表皮和大部分屋顶被拆卸后,30m 高的红色钢柱群现在看起来像一片“未来的丛林”。茂密的草木和公共生活已经接管了这片人造环境,巨大的混凝土高塔和基础正在变成绝妙的游乐场。仍保留屋顶的大厅部分已经变为提供遮蔽的多功能活动区。
在北面,柱网一直伸向种植着开花树木的大片草地。公园内部的空间由新的公路隧道围绕。沿途设有廊架和大树的宽敞步道连接着临近的居住区。它不仅提供了令人愉悦的环境,同时提供了望向这片由废弃工业用地改造而成的景观的独特视角。
从西侧穿过公园钢铁心脏的人行天桥,横贯毗连的草地,伸向新的“城市阳台”。一片沿着隧道墙的种植树木的大斜坡连接着公园的两个高差,左右两边均有令人印象深刻的维塔利冷却塔。
塔和泥浆坑现在都用于容纳干净的水。它们是雨水处理系统的一部分,从屋顶和开放的水沟、水渠表面收集雨水,并在水塘和蓄水池中存储。
夜间照明使这些工业纪念碑变为周边地区都可看到的标志性景观,并且内部形成了一个神秘的新世界。低层的“蓝厅”光线柔和,光带沿着步行路,描画出以前大厅的外轮廓线。
米其林
前米其林轮胎厂的地段被改造成了一片广阔的草地公园,因其景观和地貌而特征鲜明。一片新建的潮汐池打开了多拉河的边界;开挖料用于制作朝向道路和建筑的庇荫的大地雕塑。沿河通道可以连接水面和跨池钢桥,以及通往对岸维塔利的人行桥。一列列不同树种的树木被种植在大地雕塑的浅坡上提供着树荫。
一条“高路”到达顶点,人们可以从那里望向因吉斯特和维塔利,以及东边的苏佩加尔朝圣教堂和西边的阿尔卑斯山。从远处可以看到公园西南侧的冷却塔,它将被改造成可进入的声光雕塑。
华道角
在华道角,菲亚特钢厂延伸至整个区域,同时跨越了河流。地块内仅剩下覆盖了这部分公园的3/4的混凝土路面,坚固的混凝土石板将从多拉河上被清除,但是河流仍保留其混凝土河床。水面从黑暗处上升到可见处,流过钻孔的墙体,就如同穿过荒芜的峡谷。开放的水道两侧是有围墙的步道。在河两岸用开挖料修建的平台上种植的几百棵树,让人回想起从前建筑物的格网。树荫为不同的活动提供了荫庇的场所,宁静的布置为自由的水道创造了完美的背景。在旧建筑的底部结构上建造的步道连接了华道角的南北两侧。
华道角的南部于2011 年完成,并与京都议定书一致,实现碳中和(“零影响”)。□(王寒妮译)
A landscape reinvents itself
The industrialization of Turin began at the end of the 19th century along the banks of the River Dora. It reached its zenith in the early 20th century with the construction of the Fiat Ferriere Piemontesi steel and sheet metal works and the Michelin tyre factory. The factories shut down in the general decline of the industry during the 1980s. They left a large area of urban dereliction in the city center, in addition to many small pockets of disused land.
An urban renewal programme was launched in 1998 to regenerate these areas of post-industrial dereliction and to give them a new use. Due to the positive inclusion of its industrial heritage the Parco Dora signifies a new understanding of inner urban landscapes that reflects the transition of society.
The park comprises five separate areas , three of which are named after the industrial companies that used to occupy the site, which is dominated by the River Dora, main traffic arteries and new residential areas, although its true and unique character is derived from the remnants of its industrial past.
The connection between the park‘s five areas and the links into the surrounding neighborhoods were an essential element in the sustainable concept for the new park. The aim was to incorporate the individual character of each area, to strengthen and enhance them with new elements and create a unified park experience.
Ingest
Ingest is the narrowest area of the park with the most design input. At the uppermost level carefully designed squares and promenades link into the adjacent built-up areas and form the entrance points in the west of the park. Ramps and steps along six-meter high walls lead to the southern part, which offers space for many different activities as well as contemplation.
The impressive substructure of the former laminating works was transformed into water gardens and the gutted building into a “hortus conclusus”, which screens the park from the road. A line of imposing steel columns supports the elevated walkway that leads across Via Borgaro to Vitali in the center of the park.
The elevated viewpoint reveals the harmonious interplay of sacred and industrial architecture – the seven towers, the industrial chimney that was transformed into the campanile at the new Santo Volto church and the tall steel columns at Vitali.
Vitali and Corso Mortara
The huge structure of the hall at the former Vitali steel mill forms the fascinating and vibrant center of the park. After the outer skin and large sections of the roof had been dismantled, the 30-metre high red steel columns now look like a “futuristic jungle”. Lush vegetation and public life have taken over this artificial environment, the vast concrete towers and foundations are being turned into fantastic playgrounds.
The section of the hall that still has a roof has become a sheltered multi-functional event space.
In the north, the grid of the columns extends towards a large meadow with the trunks of flowering trees. The space within the park is contained by the wall of the new road tunnel. A broad promenade with pergolas and tree canopies links across it to the adjacent residential area. Not only does it provide a pleasant environment but also offers exceptional views of the landscape that has developed since the demise of the industries.
The Passerella crosses the steel heart of the park from the west, traverses the adjoining meadows and leads to the new “city balcony“. A wide ramp with tree planting along the tunnel wall connects the two levels of the park which are flanked by the impressive Vitali cooling towers.
The towers and the slurry basins now hold clean water. They are part of the stormwater management system that collects rainwater from roofs and surfaces in open rills and channels, and stores it in pools and cisterns.
Night-time illuminations turn the industrial monuments into widely visible landmarks and create a mysterious new world on the inside. The lower level of the “blue hall” is softly lit, light bands follow the walkway and trace the outline of the former hall.
Michelin
The site of the former Michelin plant is developed into a spacious meadow park that is characterized by its landscape and topography. A newly constructed tidal pool opens up the edge of the Dora; the excavation material is used in a sheltering earth sculpture towards the road and the buildings. A path along the river allows access to the water, steel bridges cross the pool and link up with a footbridge to Vitali on the opposite bank. Rows of different tree species are planted on the shallow slopes of the earth sculpture where they provide shadow. A “high route” follows the crest and offers views of Ingest and Vitali, as well as impressive vistas to the Superga pilgrimage church in the east and the Alps in the west. The widely visible landmark of the cooling towers in the south-west of the park will become a walk-in light and sound sculpture.
Valdocco
In Valdocco, the Fiat steel works extended over the entire site as well as across the river. A concrete slab covering three-quarters of this section of the park is all that remained. The solid slab will be removed above the Dora, but the river kept in its concrete bed. Water rises out of darkness into the light of day and flows through the pierced wall, like through a wild gorge. The opened up water course is flanked by walled-in promenades. On the terraces, which have been constructed with excavation material on both sides of the river, hundreds of trees are reminiscent of the grid of the former buildings. Their canopies provide shady spaces for diverse activities, and the tranquil setting creates the perfect backdrop for the “technical ravine” of the freed water course. Walkways erected on the old substructure connect the north of Valdocco with the south.
The southern section of Valdocco was completed in 2011 and, in line with the Kyoto Protocol, implemented carbon neutrally (“impatto zero”).
业主/Client: 都灵市城市改造部/Città di Torino, Division of Urban Renovation
领衔设计/ 景观建筑/Lead Design/Landscape Architecture: Latz+Partner Landscape Architects
Urban Planners
项目管理/ 水文地理/Project Management/ Hydrology: STS Servizi Tecnologie Sistemi S.p.A.
建筑/Architecture: Studio Pession
工程/Engineering: Studio Cappato Meluzzi
照明设计/Light Design: Pfarré Lighting Design
农艺/Agronomy: Dario Grua
艺术/Art: Ugo Marano
委托时间/Commission: 2004
开放时间/Opening: 2011.05 (第一阶段/First parts)
竣工时间/Completion: 2013
总面积/Total Area: 39hm2
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