古典作品试译与解读
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《蒂迈欧》中的赫西俄德:造物主对众神如是说
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最后更新 2012-08-05 16:58:11
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Exekias. Achilles killing Penthesilea. Attic black-figure Amphora. c. 675 B.C. British Mus
最后更新 2012-06-09 08:36:27
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最后更新 2012-05-13 21:00:18
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Propertius' Epic Tongue
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Propertius and Cynthia at Tivoli, Auguste Jean Baptiste Vinchon,.
最后更新 2012-03-21 11:21:48
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Horace’s Thematic Development of Ode II 1
Xiaoran Luo

1, Horace’s attitude towards war:
Ode II 1 is a kind of introduction to the rest part of Book II. This book is relatively darker than the other three books of the Odes of Horace and is a dark scherzo of the larger structural design. The dark atmosphere starts to hover over this ode from the very beginning. Horace uses motum as the first word of the ode, which is followed by the intensive use of derogatory words, all of which are indicating the evil of war (particularly the civil war, but Horace’s attitude toward war will be expressed in a much more general context in the later stanzas). We have expressions like vitia(error, vice), ludum Fortunae(the game of Fortune), nondum expiatis cruoribus(bloodshed not yet expiated), periculosae aleae(dangerous pitfalls), incedis per ignis suppositos cineri doloso(you’re walking over embers hidden under the treacherous ashes). We have in the beginning two whole stanzas of strong accusation against war, yet Pollio’s name has to wait until its appearance much later, in line 14. Thus, we may conclude that Pollio and his works are not in the leading position of this ode; the main theme is the antipathy towards war. The first expressed and elaborated motif often becomes the principle theme of the work (we have numerous examples from the two Homeric epics down to the symphonies of the classical style of 1800s), it is also the case of this ode of Horace.
This ode can be divided into two basic parts; the first nine stanzas are the first part, which can be described as a kind of compliment to Pollio, or, more accurately, the accusation towards war; the last stanza is the second part, which sheds some light on this ode of dark mood. If we compare the first three books of the Odes as a three movement concerto, the second book can be seen as a serious and dark movement (can be with either quick or slow rhythms) of minor mode between two relatively delightful and bright outer movements in major. The last stanza of this ode may let the readers think that Horace is going to quickly switch back into his usual tone. However, the later odes contain many odes of a serious tone (2, 3, 7, etc). This is the major effect of Book II: Leonard Bernstein once said about the adagio introduction of Symphony No.4 of Beethoven that it surprisingly leads to the entirely lively later part of the movement and this makes the whole later part of the movement a big surprise. I think it is the same case here when ode II 2 opens with a dark tone similar to the beginning of ode 1 and this is the actual function and meaning of the last stanza of ode 1.
We can thus give the conclusion that this ode is essentially about Horace’s accusation towards war.
2, Structure and Thematic Development
Now, the focus point is on the serious tone of the ode II 1: our first step is to take a close look at the structure of this ode. We can further divide the first part of it into four minor parts as follows.
The first minor part, being stanzas 1-2, tells us about the motives of Pollio’s historical writings. These motives, which can be summarized as the accusation towards war (as I have already illustrated in the former section), are, of course, also the main theme of this ode. We have the expression ludum Fortunae in line 3 is clearly an implication of historians and of Herodotus himself. (Cf. Herodotus, 1. 32) Herodotus speaks in the tongue of Solon that the lives of mortals are all about chance, and since Herodotus also says that his historia is about the great deeds of mortal men, we may infer that a historian’s job is to write down ludum Fortunae. As Herodotus himself said in the introduction of his immortal work, what he writes is how things going, both of the great cities and the small cities.(1) War is the ultimate manifestation of this idea of men being production of chance and luck. Those who were once powerful often go down suddenly (as Xerxes in the Histories and many people in the period of the civil war, such as Caesar and Antony) so it is natural that Horace picks the historian Pollio for the ode as the object of dedication. Now we can be sure about the ode’s principle theme is ludus Fortunae and the parallel descriptions of war are all about it: they are the first variation or development of the major theme.
The second minor part is stanzas 3-4 in which Horace gives a compliment to Pollio. This is the second development of the main theme. Note that here the theme is developed from its first development, not from its original form. If we can say that the first development of the main theme (namely, the intensive description of the evil of war) is a kind of elaboration, this second development is a transfiguration, since we now have Pollio, the writer of ludus Fortunae, as the main object of stanzas 3-4, not the war itself. Horace is now praising Pollio’s political life instead of saying the things Pollio writes in his historical work. What Pollio actually did is not our concern but what should be noted is the fact that Horace is now praising Pollio’s doings during the war. It is clear that Horace considers Pollio a positive figure in the period of the civil war. To Horace, Pollio did what was best for the common good, contrary to the destructive war. This is why Horace praises his political life. In this minor part the main theme is transformed into its opposite (similar to the development of a theme in a major key of a classical music work).
The third minor part, stanzas 5-7, is very passionate. It is similar to the development section of a movement in sonata form of the classical music style. After the having praised Pollio both for his political doings and for his written works in the second minor part, Horace combines the thematic developments both of the first minor part (that is stanzas 1-2) and of the second minor part (stanzas 3-4). Having pointed out that war is evil (stanzas 1-2) and that Pollio should be praised for his historical works, Horace put these two thematic developments together: the historical work of Pollio is so shocking and vivid that it makes Horace recall his own experience of war which is bloody and horrible. The main effect here is to create the ambiguity between the historical work of Pollio and the actual bloody combats that many of Horace’s contemporaries (including Horace himself) had participated. ‘Thematically’ speaking, in this minor part, Horace combines and contrasts the evil of war and the Pollio’s brilliant historical work.
The forth minor part, stanzas 8-9, is the passionate climax. Horace accuses every war. (qui gurges aut quae flumina lugubris ignara belli? What river or pool is ignorant of these wretched wars? Lines 33-34) In my opinion, a great work of art should has a general context, and this ode is not lacking that: it is definitely not merely about the civil war itself, but about every war. As a lyric poet, Horace doesn’t use any openly moralistic or rationalistic tone; instead, he poses questions, which are in fact Horace’s sigh and exclamation. This minor part is a recapitulation of the first development of the main theme, not in a more subtle way as stanzas 5-7, but in a strong tone denouncing the evil of war.
I am note trying to stuff this ode into the sonata form, but every good artwork has something in common: you should straightforwardly put forth the main theme and develop it in different ways and put the climatic exclamation near the end. Why the sonata form is immortal and every musician since the 1800s has to learn it? Because it concentrates the essence of structural and thematic development of any great artwork, and the Horace ode II 1 is in common with it in this sense.
note: (1) The reason of it is that those who were once strong and great are probably now weak and small, or even have vanished. It is the direct illustration of the point that mortal affairs are all ludus Fortunae.
3, An attempt to explore the motivic construction of the metre of this ode
Poems are not argumentative prose writings. Although by the time of Augustus, poets more often recite their poems without instrumental accompaniment than not, there is always the musical element playing an important role in the poetic works. (2)
note: (2) From Homer to Pinar, from Shakespeare to Lord Byron, from Wordsworth to T. S. Eliot, you name it, (cf. Leonard Bernstein, The Unanswered Question: Six Talks at Harvard, Chapter V, pp .375 ff.) to say nothing that there are also numerous examples in literatures all over the world.
Now, we can’t exactly know how these poems were recited or performed in the ancient times, but here I want to make an attempt to put out some guesses that can lead us to the knowledge of what role the metres play in Horace’s poems. We take the ode II 1 as an example.
The Alcaic stanza is in the following pattern:
_ _ u _ _ : _ u u _ u _
_ _ u _ _ : _ u u _ u _
_ _ u _ _ _ u _ _
_ u u _ u u _ u _ _
Lines 1 and 2 are in the same pattern and they are divided into two parts: _ _ u _ _ and _ u u _ u _. The first part (_ _ u _ _) contains two spondees (_ _) and a short syllable between them (but this is going to be transformed in the later part of the ode). The second part contains a coriambus (_ u u _) followed by an iambus (u _).
Line 3 (_ _ u _ _ _ u _ _) has many ways to be constructed, for example: it can be constructed by a bacchius (_ _ u), a molossus (_ _ _) and a antibacchius (u _ _). This is the case of the first two stanzas but also be changed.
Line 4(_ u u _ u u _ u _ _) in the first stanza is constructed by a dactyl (_ u u), a coriambus (_ u u _) and an antibacchius (u _ _).
What listed above are our basic thematic elements. Now I’ll give some examples showing how these elements are functioning within the pattern of the Alcaic metre of this ode. In order to illustrate the effect of it, I will give examples from various musical works. (And these samples are packed into a .zip file sent together with this paper.)
In the beginning, the _ _ u _ _ motif (I will call it motif A) has the effect of the French overture of the Baroque style. Its dotted rhythm at first was to splendidly welcome the aristocratic listener’s coming, however, later it becomes the welcome and leading into the work itself. Compared to the much lighter dotted rhythm that are more often used in Baroque operas and suites (_ u_ u _), here Horace uses a darker version of the dotted rhythm (motif A, which is _ _ u _ _) to introduce his much more serious poetic expression. (3)
note:(3) Compare sample 1 (_ u _ u _, Handel’s overture to Alcina 0’-1’30’’) and the much more serious and melancholy sample 2 (_ _ u _ _, opening theme [0’-0’25’’] of Corelli’s La Folia).
I call the coriambus (_ u u _) motif B. Horace uses it in the opening stanza to express the evil of war (vitia) and the consulship of Metellus (consule) which makes the readers think about the dark ages of civil war. The effect of motif B is march-like, fits perfect to the introductory effect of motif A. (4)
note:(4) Here, the motif B is used in a serious tone, see sample 3 (_ u u _, Beethoven’s Symphony No.7 in A major, movement II, opening phrase, which is in A minor mode 0’-0’53).
Line 3 is thematically symmetrical, thus it gives us rather steady effect, which proves my point that ludum Fortunae is the essential theme of the ode. Its expression in a stable or steady way points out its important function.
Line 8, which is also the fourth line of the Alcaic stanza, winds up the first minor part of the ode (see section 2). The metre of this line is nearly symmetrical, but not entirely, the last three syllables are antibacchius (u _ _), not in symmetry with the first three syllables’ dactyle (_ u u). This kind of almost-symmetry pushes the poetry forward and also shows the uncertainty and the ‘danger’ of doloso. (5)
note:(5) At first I couldn’t find a perfect example of the ‘almost-symmetry’ in a musical work, however, the perfect example is right under my nose. It is the first prelude of Bach’s Well-Tempered Klavier Book I (sample 4 0’-1’36’’). The steady and stable thematic pattern is interrupted by the last three bars. This not only illustrates the instability of the dominant seventh chord (in our case, doloso), but also pushes the music to the following fugue section.
In this manner, there are so many ways to interpret the effect created by the use of the motives in the larger metric construction. However, I want to illustrate one more, which is worth to be noticed. In the first line of stanza 8 (line 29), Horace mentions what strikes his heart extremely: the bloodshed of the Romans. As I have said, the minor part led by this line is the emotional climax of the entire poem. Horace here breaks motif A into a kind of expression resembles to an operatic tone. He turns motif A (_ _ u _ _) into three pounding words (_ / _ / u _ _). In this way, we can almost feel the melancholy appoggiatura of the operatic singing (very much to the pounding questions of Leonora).


Figure 1: Leonora’s aria from act IV of Verdi’s Il Trovatore (no music sample provided)
My study of the literary way and the musical way of Horace’s poetic expression is just an attempt. I am sorry that I write this paper in a hurry and I haven’t done enough research, but I do believe that these two ways of expression are equally important to our understanding of Horace’s poetry and by combining these two parts of interpretation together, we may have a chance to grasp the meaning of these poems more clearly and more deeply.
Note: The following page is the metrical chart of the ancient rhythmic devises (Anton Reicha, Vollständiges Lehrbuch der musikalischen Composition, German trans. Carl Czerny, 4 vols. [Vienna: Diabelli & Co., n.d. 1834], vol. 2, pp. 472-73), translated by Maynard Solomon (Maynard Solomon, Late Beethoven, [California, 2003] p. 105).

Figure 2: Metrical chart



Figure 1: Leonora’s aria from act IV of Verdi’s Il Trovatore (no music sample provided)

Figure 2: Metrical chart
最后更新 2011-12-15 18:00:15
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最后更新 2011-08-24 23:23:05
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西塞罗-反喀提林演讲-第四篇-中译原文对照
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The Great Cicero's Statue in Rome.
最后更新 2011-08-21 16:30:38
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西塞罗-反喀提林演讲-第三篇-中译原文对照
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Young Cicero Reading.
最后更新 2011-08-20 23:12:33
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西塞罗-反喀提林演讲-第二篇-中译原文对照
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最后更新 2017-06-26 03:47:19
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西塞罗-反喀提林演讲-第一篇-中译原文对照
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这是我最早的古典语言翻译习作,拿出来看看挺亲切。
四篇都有,不要着急,慢慢来。

15世纪科恩(Köln)印本第一页
In Catilinam I
I[1]Quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra?
Catilina,你要浪费我们的耐心到什么时候为止?
quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet?
你那狂妄的举动还将愚弄我们多长时间?
quem ad finem sese effrenata iactabit audacia?
你那放肆的无耻行径什么时候才有终点?
Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palati, nihil urbis vigiliae, nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora voltusque moverunt?
难道PALATINE山上的守夜警卫、城中的戒备、人民的担忧、所有优秀公民的联合、元老院这里有的最森严的守备和这里元老们的面色和神情都动摇不了你?
Patere tua consilia non sentis, constrictam iam horum omnium scientia teneri coniurationem tuam non vides?
你觉得你的计划没人察觉?你没发现你的阴谋已经被这里所有人所了解,因而被牢牢控制、锁定了?
Quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris, ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consilii ceperis, quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris?
昨天晚上以及前天晚上你做了什么、你当时在哪、召集了哪些人、实行了什么计划,你觉得我们当中还有人不知道吗?
II[2]O tempora, o mores!
(插入一句慨叹)噢!时代啊、道德啊!(C. D. Yonge 本英译为Shame on the age and on its principles!但是其实这句的内涵还是不翻译出来,留为读者自己悉心体悟得好。)
Senatus haec intellegit.
元老院已经知道这些了。
Consul videt; hic tamen vivit.
参议院们也看到了。但这个人还活着。
Vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit, fit publici consilii particeps, notat et designat oculis ad caedem unum quemque nostrum.
他还活着?他甚至还来到元老院来了,作为参与公众意见的一份子,用他的眼睛观察、标识好杀掉我们当中每一个人。
Nos autem fortes viri satis facere rei publicae videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitemus.
然而如果我们制止了这疯狂的举动和叛变,我们就是为城邦担起了责任的光辉的人。
Ad mortem te, Catilina, duci iussu consulis iam pridem oportebat, in te conferri pestem, quam tu in nos [omnes iam diu] machinaris.
你本应该之前就已经被元老院判处死刑的,Catilina,你为我们[所有人]谋划的毁灭[现在]更应该落到你自己头上。
[3] An vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, Ti. Gracchum mediocriter labefactantem statum rei publicae privatus interfecit; Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque incendiis vastare cupientem nos consules perferemus?
难道那最伟大的人,大祭司Scipio没有作为个人亲手杀死Ti. Gracchum,那个轻微摇动共和国地位的人?难道我们作为参议员将容忍Catilina这个想要用火与杀戮毁灭整个世界的人吗?
Nam illa nimis antiqua praetereo, quod C. Servilius Ahala Sp. Maelium novis rebus studentem manu sua occidit.
我错过太多这种往事了,比如C. Servilius Ahala亲手杀死想要革新的Spl. Maelium。
Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac re publica virtus, ut viri fortes acrioribus suppliciis civem perniciosum quam acerbissimum hostem coercerent.
以前,以前在这个国家曾经有这样的美德,勇敢的人们用比对最残酷的敌人更严厉的刑罚控制有威胁的公民。
Habemus senatus consultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave, non deest rei publicae consilium neque auctoritas huius ordinis; nos, nos, dico aperte, consules desumus.
我们对你已经有了元老院的正式裁决,Catilina,坚定而严厉的裁决。不是共和国的政策、也不是这个体制的职权的疏漏,而是我们、我们,说白了这就是我们参议员的疏漏。(desum有忽视疏忽的意思,这里应该是指对Catilina策划阴谋的疏漏)
II[4] Decrevit quondam senatus, ut L. Opimius consul videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet; nox nulla intercessit; interfectus est propter quasdam seditionum suspiciones C. Gracchus, clarissimo patre, avo, maioribus, occisus est cum liberis M. Fulvius consularis.
以前元老院曾经决定让议员L. Opimius看护,使共和国不受到削弱。之后,还没过晚上,C. Gracchus就因为涉嫌叛乱被杀,他有最明智的父亲、祖父和先人。还有那有着参议员级别身份的M. Fulvius和他的孩子们一起遇害。
Simili senatus consulto C. Mario et L. Valerio consulibus est permissa res publica; num unum diem postea L. Saturninum tribunum pl. et C. Servilium praetorem mors ac rei publicae poena remorata est?
元老院还曾经决定将共和国交给参议员C. Mario和L. Valerio看护,就在决定之后的那一天,难道死亡和共和国的刑罚给了护民官L. Saturninum和执政官C. Servilium一丝喘息?
At [vero] nos vicesimum iam diem patimur hebescere aciem horum auctoritatis.
然而已经二十天了,我们忍受着这元老院权力的锋芒被逐渐摩钝。
Habemus enim huiusce(Yonge本作eius,Giles本作huius) modi senatus consultum, verum inclusum in tabulis tamquam in vagina reconditum, quo ex senatus consulto confestim te interfectum esse, Catilina, convenit.
我们其实仍然有这种(元老院的)法令存在,但其实现在只是被封存在羊皮纸里(指没有发挥实际作用),就像刀藏在鞘里一样。通过这条法令,Catiline,你应该立刻被处死。
Vivis, et vivis non ad deponendam, sed ad confirmandam audaciam.
然而你活着,你活着不是去放弃而是去坚持这种无耻的行为。
Cupio, patres conscripti, me esse clementem, cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum videri, sed iam me ipse inertiae nequitiaeque condemno.
参议员们啊,我希望自己仁慈,我也希望自己在共和国的危难之中没有显得很松懈,但是现在我自己就谴责自己的懈怠和迟钝。
[5]Castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus conlocata, crescit in dies singulos hostium numerus; eorum autem castrorum imperatorem ducemque hostium intra moenia atque adeo in senatu videtis intestinam aliquam cotidie perniciem rei publicae molientem.
一支与罗马人民为敌的军队已经在通往Etruria的咽喉要道集结起来了。敌人的数量在与日俱增。我们看到这只军队的统帅、敌人的首领就在我们的城墙内、甚至还进入元老院里,他每天都在谋划着我们共和国内的灾难。
Si te iam, Catilina, comprehendi, si interfici iussero, credo, erit verendum mihi, ne non potius hoc omnes boni serius a me quam quisquam crudelius factum esse dicat.
如果我现在下令逮捕你并判你死刑,Catilina,我觉得恐怕正直的人们会说我行动迟缓而不会说我残酷。
Verum ego hoc, quod iam pridem factum esse oportuit, certa de causa nondum adducor ut faciam.
尽管我早就应该这么做,但是我有理由直到现在才做。
Tum denique interficiere, cum iam nemo tam inprobus, tam perditus, tam tui similis inveniri poterit, qui id non iure factum esse fateatur.
你接下来就会被(最终)处死,那样就没有像你这么邪恶堕落的人能让我们不依法办事了。
[6]Quamdiu quisquam erit, qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita, ut [nunc] vivis; multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus, ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis.
只要现在出现一个人敢于出来保护你,你就能保命,就像[现在]你还活着一样。但是你会被我们森严的防备封锁起来,这样你就不能再反对共和国了。
Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.
许多人的眼睛和耳朵将会监视、约束着你,就像他们一直以来做的一样,你不会察觉到。
III Etenim quid est, Catilina, quod iam amplius expectes, si neque nox tenebris obscurare coetus nefarios nec privata domus parietibus continere voces coniurationis tuae potest, si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?
那么,Catilina,如果夜晚不能用黑暗掩护罪人、秘密房屋不能用墙壁隐藏你的阴谋的声音,如果一切[阴谋与罪行]都被曝光、都被人们了解了,还有什么你很期待的呢?
Muta iam istam mentem, mihi crede, obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum.
不要再抱幻想了!相信我[你的罪行已被曝光],不要再想着你计划中的杀人放火了。
[7]Meministine me ante diem XII Kalendas Novembris dicere in senatu fore in armis certo die, qui dies futurus esset ante diem VI Kal. Novembris, C. Manlium, audaciae satellitem atque administrum tuae?
还记得我之前十月二十一号(我数的怎么是十月十九号?从Y本)在元老院大会上说的吗?我说C. Manlium,你的疯狂行动的帮凶和从犯将把叛军集结起来,就在十月二十七号。
Num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, tam atrox tamque incredibilis, verum, id quod multo magis est admirandum, dies?
我搞错了日期吗,Catilina?这件事不仅如此严重、如此邪恶、如此地不可思议,而且还更让人感到震惊。
Dixi ego idem in senatu caedem te optimatum contulisse in ante diem V Kalendas Novembris, tum cum multi principes civitatis Roma non tam sui conservandi quam tuorum consiliorum reprimendorum causa profugerunt.
我也曾经在元老院会议里说过你决定在十月二十八日将贵族们屠戮,那时这许多的城邦领袖正离开罗马(为什么用profugio,逃跑?),因不了解你的阴谋而没有防备。
Num infitiari potes te illo ipso die meis praesidiis, mea diligentia circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse, cum tu discessu ceterorum nostra tamen, qui remansissemus, caede te contentum esse dicebas?
你能否认那天你被我的卫兵包围、被我的警惕所阻碍,以至于你不能对抗共和国了?那时你说你会因为对我们的屠杀、因为幸存者的逃亡而心满意足。
[8]Quid? cum te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus occupaturum nocturno impetu esse confideres, sensistin illam coloniam meo iussu meis praesidiis, custodiis, vigiliis esse munitam?
什么?你自信于能在十一月一号晚上突袭夺取Praeneste,然而你察觉那个地方已经通过我的命令被我的警卫、守备、和我的警惕防守起来了?
Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.
你做的事、你的计划和你所想的不仅仅没有我没听说的,而且我都看到并清楚地了解了。
IV.Recognosce tandem mecum noctem illam superiorem; iam intelleges multo me vigilare acrius ad salutem quam te ad perniciem rei publicae.
最后和我一起回想一下那前一天晚上吧。你现在知道我保卫共和国远比你危害共和国更为警觉。
Dico te priore nocte venisse inter falcarios--non agam obscure--in M. Laecae domum; convenisse eodem complures eiusdem amentiae scelerisque socios.
[我说]你在之前的一天晚上到falcarios(这个词的词义为:scythe-maker,但Y本翻译为scythe-makers’ street,G本翻译为among the scythe-makers)中,我并没有在陈述不重要的事,在M. Laeca的家里,和你的疯狂和罪恶行为的众多帮凶们集合。
Num negare audes? quid taces? Convincam, si negas.
你还敢抵赖吗?你怎么沉默了?你如果不承认的话,我将证明你有罪。
Video enim esse hic in senatu quosdam, qui tecum una fuerunt.
因为我看到在元老院中有一个人,他是和你一起的。
[9]O di inmortales! ubinam gentium sumus? in qua urbe vivimus? quam rem publicam habemus?
噢,永生的众神啊!我们到底在哪个国家、在哪个城市生活啊!我们有着怎么样的一个共和国啊!
Hic, hic sunt in nostro numero, patres conscripti, in hoc orbis terrae sanctissimo gravissimoque consilio, qui de nostro omnium interitu, qui de huius urbis atque adeo de orbis terrarum exitio cogitent!
这里,就在我们之间,参议员们,在我们这世界上最神圣最庄严的元老院中,有人想要屠戮我们所有人、毁灭我们的城市甚至整个世界!
Hos ego video consul et de re publica sententiam rogo et, quos ferro trucidari oportebat, eos nondum voce volnero!
我作为参议员看到这些人,并问他们对于共和国的想法,我先不用我的言语向他们进攻,他们应该被剑与火所毁灭。
Fuisti igitur apud Laecam illa nocte, Catilina, distribuisti partes Italiae, statuisti, quo quemque proficisci placeret, delegisti, quos Romae relinqueres, quos tecum educeres, discripsisti urbis partes ad incendia, confirmasti te ipsum iam esse exiturum, dixisti paulum tibi esse etiam nunc morae, quod ego viverem.
Catilina,你那天晚上在Laeca的家里,划分意大利的土地,决定每个人各自适合去哪,挑选你留在罗马的人、和你一起行动的人,你把罗马分成区域准备防火,你决定自己将在[起事]之后立刻离开,你还说现在你仅仅的阻碍就是我还活着。
Reperti sunt duo equites Romani, qui te ista cura liberarent et sese illa ipsa nocte paulo ante lucem me in meo lectulo interfecturos [esse] pollicerentur.
有两个罗马骑兵被发现了,他们当时正要除掉你的担忧让你不再担心,他们曾向你保证在那天晚上黎明以前把我在床上杀死。
[10]Haec ego omnia vixdum etiam coetu vestro dimisso comperi; domum meam maioribus praesidiis munivi atque firmavi, exclusi eos, quos tu ad me salutatum mane miseras, cum illi ipsi venissent, quos ego iam multis ac summis viris ad me id temporis venturos esse praedixeram.
我恰好发现了这一切,尽管你的秘密会议已经解散了,我加强了我的住处的警卫来守备和预防,我没有让那些你早上派来问候我的人进来,我那时已经先告诉许多要人他们会来了。
V.Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, perge, quo coepisti, egredere aliquando ex urbe; patent portae; proficiscere.
既然事情已经这样了,Catilina,动身吧,趁城门开着离开我们的城市,出发吧。
Nimium diu te imperatorem tua illa Manliana castra desiderant. Educ tecum etiam omnes tuos, si minus, quam plurimos; purga urbem.
你的那个Manlium的军队已经期待你这个领导很长时间了。再带上你所有的人或者至少你能带上的最多的人来攻打我们的城市吧。
Magno me metu liberabis, dum modo inter me atque te murus intersit.
只要城墙把我和你隔开(意即只要你离开),你会把我从大恐惧中解放出来,
Nobiscum versari iam diutius non potes; non feram, non patiar, non sinam.
你已经不能再和我们一起了,我绝不容忍、绝不允许。
[11]Magna dis inmortalibus habenda est atque huic ipsi Iovi Statori, antiquissimo custodi huius urbis, gratia, quod hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem totiens iam effugimus.
永生的众神应该受到隆重的感谢、还有守护大神Jupiter、这座城市最古老的守卫者,因为我们总是能从对共和国这么有威胁性、这么可怕、这么危险的毁灭中逃出。
Non est saepius in uno homine summa salus periclitanda rei publicae.
共和国最高的安全不应该为一个人而冒险。
Quamdiu mihi consuli designato, Catilina, insidiatus es, non publico me praesidio, sed privata diligentia defendi.
只要我是被选举出来的参议员,Catilina,你暗算我,我不用公众的警卫而是用我的警惕保护我自己。
Cum proximis comitiis consularibus me consulem in campo et competitores tuos interficere voluisti, compressi conatus tuos nefarios amicorum praesidio et copiis nullo tumultu publice concitato; denique, quotienscumque me petisti, per me tibi obstiti, quamquam videbam perniciem meam cum magna calamitate rei publicae esse coniunctam.
当时你想在下一次的国民会议时把我和与你竞争的参议员们杀死在广场(即Campus Martius,战神广场)上,我利用我朋友们的帮助和援手阻止了你罪恶的企图,而没有引起群众强烈的骚乱。简言之,每当你攻击我,我都自己抵抗了你,然而我也看到我的毁灭是和共和国的灾难联系在一起的。(意即如果我死了,没有人防备你了,共和国将会蒙受巨大的损失)
[12]Nunc iam aperte rem publicam universam petis, templa deorum inmortalium, tecta urbis, vitam omnium civium, Italiam [denique] totam ad exitium et vastitatem vocas.
现在你已经公然攻击了整个共和国,你呼求永生众神的神殿、我们城市的建筑、所有公民的生命,乃至整个意大利成为废墟。
Quare, quoniam id, quod est primum, et quod huius imperii disciplinaeque maiorum proprium est, facere nondum audeo, faciam id, quod est ad severitatem lenius et ad communem salutem utilius.
事以至此,我还不敢做那最正确的事(primum,最先的,为了通顺暂且译为最正确的),以及我的责任(imperium,权利,参考上下文译为责任)和祖训要求我的事,我要做的是温和地达到严格执法以及对公众的安全更有利的事。
Nam si te interfici iussero, residebit in re publica reliqua coniuratorum manus; sin tu, quod te iam dudum hortor, exieris, exhaurietur ex urbe tuorum comitum magna et perniciosa sentina rei publicae.
如果我下令处决你,还会有叛党的触手残留在共和国内,但如果你——就像我刚才奉劝你的——流亡的话,你的大批为害共和国的残党也会被带出罗马。
[13]Quid est, Catilina? num dubitas id me imperante facere, quod iam tua sponte faciebas?
怎么样,Catilina?你还犹豫照我的命令做吗?做你早就想做的事?
Exire ex urbe iubet consul hostem.
执政官命令敌人离开罗马。
Interrogas me, num in exilium; non iubeo, sed, si me consulis, suadeo.
你问我你是不是被流放了,我不命令你而只是建议你,如果你问我的话。
VI.Quid est enim, Catilina, quod te iam in hac urbe delectare possit? in qua nemo est extra istam coniurationem perditorum hominum, qui te non metuat, nemo, qui non oderit.
Catilina,现在在这个城市里还有什么能吸引你呢?没了,只剩下那些残余的叛徒,他们不害怕你;没有人不憎恨你。
Quae nota domesticae turpitudinis non inusta vitae tuae est? quod privatarum rerum dedecus non haeret in fama?
还有什么国家耻辱柱上的污点没有烙印在你的生命上?你干的那些事留下的劣迹还有那些没有使你声名狼藉?
quae lubido ab oculis, quod facinus a manibus umquam tuis, quod flagitium a toto corpore afuit?
你眼中的哪个邪念、你手里的哪件暴行、你身上哪点邪恶是戒绝了的?
cui tu adulescentulo, quem corruptelarum inlecebris inretisses, non aut ad audaciam ferrum aut ad lubidinem facem praetulisti?
哪个被你引诱(quem corruptelarum inlecebris inretisses太难翻了,索性直接翻成被你引诱的)的年轻人你没有给他使之胆大包天的剑或者使之充满邪念的火炬呢?
[14]Quid vero? nuper cum morte superioris uxoris novis nuptiis domum vacuefecisses, nonne etiam alio incredibili scelere hoc scelus cumulasti?
还有什么?就在最近,你在你的妻子死了以后为了续弦清空屋子,难道不是在你的这些罪恶上累加了新的不可思议的罪行?
quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri, ne in hac civitate tanti facinoris inmanitas aut extitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur.
我不提它并甘愿忍受着这件事不被揭发出来,好不让这座城市看上去存在这么邪恶的畜生。
Praetermitto ruinas fortunarum tuarum, quas omnis inpendere tibi proxumis Idibus senties; ad illa venio, quae non ad privatam ignominiam vitiorum tuorum, non ad domesticam tuam difficultatem ac turpitudinem sed ad summam rem publicam atque ad omnium nostrum vitam salutemque pertinent.
我不提你的财富遭受的损失,你会发现所有的财富在下个月13日(按:IDES:古罗马历中3月,5月,7月,10月的第15日,其余各月份的第13日)就到你手里,我想起这个不是因为你的罪行给你带来的污名、不是因为你在国内遇到的阻碍或是骂名,而是因为这关系到共和国和我们大家的生命和安全。
[15]Potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut huius caeli spiritus esse iucundus, cum scias esse horum neminem, qui nesciat te pridie Kalendas Ianuarias Lepido et Tullo consulibus stetisse in comitio cum telo, manum consulum et principum civitatis interficiendorum causa paravisse, sceleri ac furori tuo non mentem aliquam aut timorem tuum sed fortunam populi Romani obstitisse?
温暖的阳光和清新的空气还能让你高兴吗,Catilina?当你知道这里已经没有人不知道在Lepido和Tullo做执政官当年的最后一天,你带着武器出现在议会里,让你的双手准备好谋杀国家领导和执政官,不是你的胆量或畏惧而是罗马人民的命运制止了你罪恶与疯狂的行径。
Ac iam illa omitto--neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa commissa postea--quotiens tu me designatum, quotiens consulem interficere conatus es!
我现在不说这些了——其实已经没有什么不为人知或不清楚的了——在我参选或当上执政官之后你已经多少次竭力要杀我了!
quot ego tuas petitiones ita coniectas, ut vitari posse non viderentur, parva quadam declinatione et, ut aiunt, corpore effugi!
多少次啊,你对我多么准确的攻击——看上去不可能躲开——都被我的身体轻轻地就闪开了!
nihil [agis, nihil] adsequeris [, nihil moliris] neque tamen conari ac velle desistis.
你什么都没做到、什么都没成功、什么都没得逞,而仍然不停地企图成功。
[16]Quotiens tibi iam extorta est ista sica de manibus, quotiens [vero] excidit casu aliquo et elapsa est!
已经多少次,你的匕首被从手上夺下,多少次,[你的凶器]意外折断或从你的手上滑脱!
[tamen ea carere diutius non potes] quae quidem quibus abs te initiata sacris ac devota sit, nescio, quod eam necesse putas esse in consulis corpore defigere.
(然而你却从来都不能没有凶器)我不知道,你信奉什么凶器为神明,因为你认为必须要把它插进执政官的身体。
VII.Nunc vero quae tua est ista vita? Sic enim iam tecum loquar, non ut odio permotus esse videar, quo debeo, sed ut misericordia, quae tibi nulla debetur.
现在你的生活到底是什么样的?我这么跟你说不是因为憎恨,尽管理应如此,而是因为怜悯,你一无所有。
Venisti paulo ante in senatum. Quis te ex hac tanta frequentia totque tuis amicis ac necessariis salutavit?
你刚刚到元老院里来时,这里众多人中有谁和你的众多朋友与亲信过来问候你?
Si hoc post hominum memoriam contigit nemini, vocis expectas contumeliam, cum sis gravissimo iudicio taciturnitatis oppressus?
如果在人们的记忆中没这事(指如果没人问候Catilina),那你是不是当遭受那来自人们沉默的最严厉的控诉时,甚至更希望人们用直接用言语辱骂你?
Quid, quod adventu tuo ista subsellia vacuefacta sunt, quod omnes consulares, qui tibi persaepe ad caedem constituti fuerunt, simul atque adsedisti, partem istam subselliorum nudam atque inanem reliquerunt, quo tandem animo [hoc] tibi ferundum putas?
为什么那些座位因为你的到来因为你的到来被空了出来?因为全部有着执政官级别身份的人——你常常把他们(从议会中)选出准备谋杀——当你坐下时就离开那些座位使它们空置,你到底怎么想的还忍着[这些事]?
[17]Servi mehercule mei si me isto pacto metuerent, ut te metuunt omnes cives tui, domum meam relinquendam putarem; tu tibi urbem non arbitraris?
以赫拉克勒斯的名义,如果我的奴隶们像这样害怕我,就像所有公民害怕你一样,我就觉得我该离开我的家了,那么你就不觉得你也该离开这座城市了?
et, si me meis civibus iniuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem, carere me aspectu civium quam infestis omnium oculis conspici mallem; tu cum conscientia scelerum tuorum agnoscas odium omnium iustum et iam diu tibi debitum, dubitas, quorum mentes sensusque volneras, eorum aspectum praesentiamque vitare?
而且,如果我发现我被公民如此严重地怀疑以及批评,即使并不正当,我宁愿逃出公民们的冷脸也不愿被所有人敌意的眼睛凝视。尽管因为对恶行的自责你发现所有人的憎恨是正义的而且是你所应得,你还能犹豫去躲开那些感情被你伤害的公民的出现与目光吗?
Si te parentes timerent atque odissent tui neque eos ulla ratione placare posses, ut opinor, ab eorum oculis aliquo concederes.
如果你的父母对你又怕又恨而且你没有任何办法与他们和好,我觉得你只好放弃,离开他们到别的地方去。
Nunc te patria, quae communis est parens omnium nostrum, odit ac metuit et iam diu nihil te iudicat nisi de parricidio suo cogitare; huius tu neque auctoritatem verebere nec iudicium sequere nec vim pertimesces?
现在你的祖国,我们每个人共同的父母,恨你、害怕你并且只认为你想着背叛,你既不敬畏她的权威也不服从她的决策还不恐惧她的威力吗?
[18] Quae tecum, Catilina, sic agit et quodam modo tacita loquitur: "Nullum iam aliquot annis facinus exstitit nisi per te, nullum flagitium sine te; tibi uni multorum civium neces, tibi vexatio direptioque sociorum inpunita fuit ac libera; tu non solum ad neglegendas leges et quaestiones, verum etiam ad evertendas perfringendasque valuisti.
她这样和你妥协,用她的静谧对你说:“这些年除了你没有人干坏事,没有你也就没有罪行。只有你不用为杀死那么多的公民、不用为盟国的动荡和劫难受到责难和惩罚。你不仅想要逃避,甚至还想颠倒和打破法律(法律定义的)和谴责(社会和道德定义的)。
Superiora illa, quamquam ferenda non fuerunt, tamen, ut potui, tuli; nunc vero me totam esse in metu propter unum te, quicquid increpuerit, Catilinam timeri, nullum videri contra me consilium iniri posse, quod a tuo scelere abhorreat, non est ferendum.
你以前的行径,尽管难以忍受,然而,尽我所能,我忍受着。但现在我真的连随便什么东西发出响声都非常害怕,就因为你,我害怕Catilina(这里突然将Catilina变为第三人称,应该是在演讲中话锋突转从模仿祖国对Catilina的直接指控变为向参议员陈述),可能会来害我。而你用来害我的阴谋,没有不是来自你的邪恶的。这已经不能容忍了。
Quam ob rem discede atque hunc mihi timorem eripe; si est verus, ne opprimar, sin falsus, ut tandem aliquando timere desinam."
把我从对他的阴谋的恐惧中解救出来吧,如果这能成真,我也许不会遭到毁灭,如果这无法实现,我也会最终不必再感到恐惧。(指遭到毁灭。既然被毁灭,也就没什么可怕的了。)”
[19] VIII. Haec si tecum, ita ut dixi, patria loquatur, nonne impetrare debeat, etiamsi vim adhibere non possit?
如果,你的祖国就像我说的这样对你说,即使她不能诉诸武力,她难道不应该被成全吗。
Quid, quod tu te ipse in custodiam dedisti, quod vitandae suspicionis causa ad M'. Lepidum te habitare velle dixisti? A quo non receptus etiam ad me venire ausus es atque, ut domi meae te adservarem, rogasti.
为什么你把你自己置于那些防护之中,还说因为要避免怀疑想要住到M. Lepidum那里去。在他不接受你之后你甚至敢到我的家里来,还要求我庇护你。
Cum a me quoque id responsum tulisses, me nullo modo posse isdem parietibus tuto esse tecum, qui magno in periculo essem, quod isdem moenibus contineremur, ad Q. Metellum praetorem venisti.
我跟你在一座屋檐下根本就不安全——我跟你在一座城市里都非常危险,当你得到我这同样的答复后,你又到执政官Q. Metellus那里去。
A quo repudiatus ad sodalem tuum, virum optumum, M. Metellum, demigrasti; quem tu videlicet et ad custodiendum diligentissimum et ad suspicandum sagacissimum et ad vindicandum fortissimum fore putasti.
你被他也拒绝了之后你去了你的同伴,那最杰出的M. Metellus那里。很明显地,你觉得他既能最悉心地保护你,又能最敏锐地怀疑你,还能最勇敢地惩罚你。
Sed quam longe videtur a carcere atque a vinculis abesse debere, qui se ipse iam dignum custodia iudicarit!
但他自己都判定自己应受到关押,他还在什么情况下能远离牢狱和枷锁呢?
[20]Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, dubitas, si emori aequo animo non potes, abire in aliquas terras et vitam istam multis suppliciis iustis debitisque ereptam fugae solitudinique mandare?
这就是事实了,Catilina啊,如果你不能平静地去死,你还犹豫远离这里到别的土地上并且把你的生命交给流亡和孤独来逃离你应得的大量严厉的惩罚吗?
"Refer" inquis "ad senatum"; id enim postulas et, si hic ordo [sibi] placere decreverit te ire in exilium, optemperaturum te esse dicis.
“提议到议院表决。”你说,这就是你想要的,如果这个机构决定成全你让你流亡,你说你将会服从。
Non referam, id quod abhorret a meis moribus, et tamen faciam, ut intellegas, quid hi de te sentiant. Egredere ex urbe, Catilina, libera rem publicam metu, in exilium, si hanc vocem exspectas, proficiscere.
我不会提议(此事)的,这和我的原则背道而驰,然而我会让你看到这些人对你的想法。离开这座城市,Catilina,让共和国不再恐惧,去流亡,如果你希望听我这么说,去吧!
Quid est, Catilina? ecquid attendis, ecquid animadvertis horum silentium? Patiuntur, tacent. Quid exspectas auctoritatem loquentium, quorum voluntatem tacitorum perspicis?
怎么了,Catilina?你可曾发现,你可曾注意到这些人的沉默?他们的沉默,就是允许。你看透了他们的沉默中透露出的意愿,那你还想听他们的什么决议呢?
[21]At si hoc idem* huic adulescenti optimo, P. Sestio, si fortissimo viro, M. Marcello, dixissem, iam mihi consuli hoc ipso in templo iure optimo senatus vim et manus intulisset.
然而,我对那最杰出的青年P. Sestio或是最勇敢者M. Marcello说过同样的话吗?当时就在这个圣殿中,议会已经把威力和拳头加到我这个执政官身上了。
De te autem, Catilina, cum quiescunt, probant, cum patiuntur, decernunt, cum tacent, clamant, neque hi solum, quorum tibi auctoritas est videlicet cara, vita vilissima, sed etiam illi equites Romani, honestissimi atque optimi viri, ceterique fortissimi cives, qui circumstant senatum, quorum tu et frequentiam videre et studia perspicere et voces paulo ante* exaudire potuisti.
然而,Catilina,当他们平静时,他们明白了;当他们听我演讲时,他们做了决议;当他们沉默时,他们在呐喊,不仅仅是这些手中的权利让你在乎的人——尽管你不在乎他们的生命,还有那些最忠诚最杰出的罗马骑士,以及其余那些围在议会外面的勇敢的公民们,就在刚刚你还能看到他们人数众多,还能发现他们的热切 并清楚地听到他们的声音。
Quorum ego vix abs te iam diu manus ac tela contineo, eosdem facile adducam, ut te haec, quae vastare iam pridem studes, relinquentem usque ad portas prosequantur.
我很难保护你远离他们的拳头和武器,但我能很容易地带他们到城门,把你从这座你一直想毁灭的城市赶走。
[22]IX. Quamquam quid loquor? te ut ulla res frangat, tu ut umquam te corrigas, tu ut ullam fugam meditere, tu ut ullum exilium cogites? Utinam tibi istam mentem di inmortales duint!
然而,我为什么说这些呢?还有任何事情可能打动你吗、可能让你改过自信、可能让你考虑逃跑或是自愿流亡?但愿永生的众神让你这样想吧!
tametsi video, si mea voce perterritus ire in exilium animum induxeris quanta tempestas invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens tempus recenti memoria scelerum tuorum, at in posteritatem impendeat.
尽管我能看到,如果你惧怕我的讲话而让你的心灵*逃窜,如果对你的罪行的记忆已经不是时下清晰的而是在以后了,那将是多大的一片憎恨的乌云悬在我们头上啊!
Sed est tanti, dum modo ista sit privata calamitas et a rei publicae periculis seiungatur. Sed tu ut vitiis tuis commoveare, ut legum poenas pertimescas, ut temporibus rei publicae cedas, non est postulandum. Neque enim is es, Catilina, ut te aut pudor umquam a turpitudine aut metus a periculo aut ratio a furore revocarit.
但是如果这只是个人的损失而没有给共和国招来灾祸,这还值得。或者你为你的恶行而担忧、或者你非常害怕法律的制裁,或者你服从于共和国的时代,这都不用提起。但你没有,Catilina,羞耻心没有使你于卑鄙中觉悟;恐惧没有让你从险境中脱身;理智也没有令你在疯狂中清醒。
[23]Quam ob rem, ut saepe iam dixi, proficiscere ac, si mihi inimico, ut praedicas, tuo conflare vis invidiam, recta perge in exilium; vix feram sermones hominum, si id feceris, vix molem istius invidiae, si in exilium iussu consulis ieris, sustinebo.
事已至此,就像我已经说了很多次的,出发吧,如果你想激起人们对我(你的敌人,就像你叫我的一样)的憎恨,那就直接去流亡吧。我难以容忍人们的议论,如果你这么做的话,我也难以承受仇恨之重,如果执政官命令你去流亡。
Sin autem servire meae laudi et gloriae mavis, egredere cum inportuna sceleratorum manu, confer te ad Manlium, concita perditos cives, secerne te a bonis, infer patriae bellum, exsulta impio latrocinio, ut a me non eiectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos isse videaris.
但如果你很想得到我的赞扬和褒奖,那么带着你那一班恶人离开这里,去Manlius那里,祸害你那些堕落的公民去,离好公民远点。然后对你的祖国开战,在你那班毫不虔诚的匪徒中自吹,这样你就不会看上去是被我丢弃在陌生人中间,而是被你的朋友邀请去的了。
[24]Quamquam quid* ego te invitem, a quo iam sciam esse praemissos, qui tibi ad Forum Aurelium praestolarentur armati, cui iam sciam pactam et constitutam cum Manlio diem, a quo etiam aquilam illam argenteam, quam tibi ac tuis omnibus confido perniciosam ac funestam futuram, cui domi tuae sacrarium [scelerum tuorum] constitutum fuit, sciam esse praemissam?
然而我为什么还要请求你?我知道你已经派了一些武装分子到Aurelium广场去等着你,我知道他们在这一天为了你的缘故支持Manlius并归他指挥,我同样相信那银色的鹰对你还有你的所有的同党都将是危险甚至致命的,因为在你家中你罪行的圣坛已被造好,而这只鹰也已经被放出了。
Tu ut illa carere diutius possis, quam venerari ad caedem proficiscens solebas, a cuius altaribus saepe istam impiam dexteram ad necem civium transtulisti?
你在去谋杀之前习惯于拜这只鹰,而你就是经常从它的祭坛旁带着你邪恶的右手去杀害公民们。[现在它被放飞了]你还能再作恶吗?
[25] X. Ibis tandem aliquando, quo te iam pridem ista tua cupiditas effrenata ac furiosa rapiebat; neque enim tibi haec res adfert dolorem, sed quandam incredibilem voluptatem.
你最终将会去一个你那不受控制而且狂暴的欲望一直催促你去的地方,而且这给你带来的不是悲痛而是不可思议地巨大的快乐。
Ad hanc te amentiam natura peperit, voluntas exercuit, fortuna servavit.
天性让你如此疯狂;欲望培养了你;幸运保护了你。
Numquam tu non modo otium, sed ne bellum quidem nisi nefarium concupisti.
你不仅从来不想要闲适,而且你只渴求罪恶的战争。
Nactus es ex perditis atque ab omni non modo fortuna, verum etiam spe derelictis conflatam inproborum manum.
你发现了一班从堕落的人中诞生的恶徒,他们不仅被命运遗弃,而且被希望遗弃、被一切遗弃。
[26]Hic tu qua laetitia perfruere, quibus gaudiis exultabis, quanta in voluptate bacchabere, cum in tanto numero tuorum neque audies virum bonum quemquam neque videbis!
你将享受怎样的愉悦,陶醉于怎样的快乐,沉迷于怎样的狂喜中!在你的这么多狐朋狗友中你对任何好人都无视无闻。
Ad huius vitae studium meditati illi sunt, qui feruntur, labores tui, iacere humi non solum ad obsidendum stuprum, verum etiam ad facinus obeundum, vigilare non solum insidiantem somno maritorum, verum etiam bonis otiosorum.
你做的这些事都是源自于这种生活追求,你陷于堕落中不仅是要满足恶欲更要施行罪恶,你警惕清醒不仅仅是想暗算睡着的丈夫们更想要偷取那些未被占据的利益。
Habes, ubi ostentes tuam illam praeclaram patientiam famis, frigoris, inopiae rerum omnium, quibus te brevi tempore confectum esse senties.
你现在(有机会)展示你那超强的忍耐力——对饥饿、对寒冷、对占有一切的欲望的忍耐,但你很快就会感觉到筋疲力尽。
[27]Tantum profeci tum, cum te a consulatu reppuli, ut exsul potius temptare quam consul vexare rem publicam posses, atque ut id, quod esset a te scelerate susceptum, latrocinium potius quam bellum nominaretur.
我已经达到了目的,当我作为执政官拒绝你,让你只能选择流亡而不能作为执政官扰乱共和国,这样被你的罪恶行径扰乱的国家只能称作被盗贼骚扰而不是战乱。XI. Nunc, ut a me, patres conscripti, quandam prope iustam patriae querimoniam detester ac deprecer, percipite, quaeso, diligenter, quae dicam, et ea penitus animis vestris mentibusque mandate.
现在,参议员们,我反对并控诉那些认为祖国并不正义的言论。请听吧!我请求你们仔细听我说的并让这些话深入你们的内心和灵魂中。
Etenim, si mecum patria, quae mihi vita mea multo est carior, si cuncta Italia, si omnis res publica loquatur:
而且确然,如果我的祖国——我那比自己的生命更珍重的祖国,还有全部的意大利和整个共和国对我这么说:
"M.Tulli, quid agis? Tune eum, quem esse hostem comperisti, quem ducem belli futurum vides, quem expectari imperatorem in castris hostium sentis, auctorem sceleris, principem coniurationis, evocatorem servorum et civium perditorum, exire patiere, ut abs te non emissus ex urbe, sed immissus in urbem esse videatur?
“M. Tulli,你在做什么?你已经查明了这个人是敌人,你发现他是将成为战争的头脑,你察觉到他将被推为敌军的将领,这个作恶者、叛党的头目、奴隶和堕落的公民的煽动者,你怎么能放这个人走?他可能不是被你赶出罗马城而是被放虎归山。
Nonne hunc in vincla duci, non ad mortem rapi, non summo supplicio mactari imperabis?
你难道不用枷锁锁住这个人,不处死他,不下令用极刑毁灭他?
[28] Quid tandem te impedit? mosne maiorum? At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publica perniciosos cives morte multarunt.
是什么最终阻碍了你?是祖先的礼法吗?但是这个共和国中就连个人也总是用杀戮拔除为害它的公民。
An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At numquam in hac urbe, qui a re publica defecerunt, civium iura tenuerunt. An invidiam posteritatis times?
我们是不是就对于罗马公民的处罚问题通过了一系列法令?然而在这座城市中,那些叛变共和国的人永远没有公民权。你是不是害怕遗臭万年?
Praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam, qui te, hominem per te cognitum nulla commendatione maiorum tam mature ad summum imperium per omnis honorum gradus extulit, si propter invidiam aut alicuius periculi metum salutem civium tuorum neglegis.
如果因为怕招来憎恨或是各种风险你无视你的公民们的安全,你才是真的出色地感谢着罗马人民呀,他们只考虑你自己而不是你前辈们的名声,在你这么年轻的时候就把你提拔到了最高的职位。
[29]Sed, si quis est invidiae metus, non est vehementius severitatis ac fortitudinis invidia quam inertiae ac nequitiae pertimescenda.
但是,如果你非常害怕众人的憎恨,那么更加令人恐惧的是千夫所指与声名狼藉,而不是对你无所作为与优柔寡断的非难。
An, cum bello vastabitur Italia, vestabuntur urbes, tecta ardebunt tum te non existumas invidiae incendio conflagraturum?"
当意大利被战争摧毁,城市被夷为平地,一座座房屋燃起大火,那时你会不会担心你被憎恨的火焰烧成灰烬?”
XII.His ego sanctissimis rei publicae vocibus et eorum hominum, qui hoc idem sentiunt, mentibus pauca respondebo.
对共和国这最神圣的质问,对那些同样持这些的观点的人,我将简短地回应。
Ego si hoc optimum factu iudicarem, patres conscripti, Catilinam morte multari, unius usuram horae gladiatori isti ad vivendum non dedissem.
如果我判定,各位参议员们,最好的解决方式是用死亡惩罚Catilina,那么我连一个小时的生存时间都不会再给这个垂死挣扎的人。
Etenim si summi viri et clarissimi cives saturnini et Gracchorum et Flacci et superiorum complurium sanguine non modo se non contaminarunt, sed etiam honestarunt, certe verendum mihi non erat, ne quid hoc parricida civium interfecto invidiae [mihi] in posteritatem redundaret.
如果那些最优秀的人物和最杰出的公民没有用Saturninus、Gracchus兄弟和Fraccus(与凯撒同时任执政官)以及其他先辈的血并腐蚀自己,而是使他们自己熠熠生辉的话,那我当然也不害怕杀死这个叛徒会使我和我的子孙承受太多的憎恨。
Quodsi ea mihi maxime inpenderet tamen hoc animo fui semper, ut invidiam virtute partam gloriam, non invidiam putarem.
然而如果这对我的恨意达到了顶峰,我还是抱这样的想法,坚定地认为这恨是光荣而不是诟骂。
[30]Quamquam non nulli sunt in hoc ordine, qui aut ea, quae inminent non videant aut ea, quae vident, dissimulent; qui spem Catilinae mollibus sententiis aluerunt coniurationemque nascentem non credendo corroboraverunt; quorum auctoritate multi non solum improbi, verum etiam inperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent.
尽管在这元老院里不是没有人并没看到威胁,或是看到了却佯装未见,他们的软弱滋润了Catilina的希望,他们的疑惑助长了正在生成的阴谋。许多慑于他们的权威人不仅只是恶人,实在还有很多愚人啊,如果我惩罚了这个人,他们就会说我行事残忍而独裁。
Nunc intellego, si iste, quo intendit, in Manliana castra pervenerit, neminem tam stultum fore, qui non videat coniurationem esse factam neminem tam improbum, qui non fateatur.
我知道,如果这个人去到Manlianus的军队,就没有人笨到还发现不了阴谋的存在,没有人顽固不化到还不承认这一点了。
Hoc autem uno interfecto intellego hanc rei publicae pestem paulisper reprimi, non in perpetuum comprimi posse.
然而,我也知道只处死这一个人只能暂时让共和国的这场灾难退却,而不能达到永久性的斩草除根。
Quodsi se eiecerit secumque suos eduxerit et eodem ceteros undique collectos naufragos adgregarit, extinguetur atque delebitur non modo haec tam adulta rei publicae pestis, verum etiam stirps ac semen malorum omnium.
但是如果他带着他那些同伴自我流亡,把各处的残余叛党都集中在一起,那么不仅共和国的这些业已成熟的叛乱会被打落和毁掉,而且就连全部恶势力的种子和树干都会被连根拔除。
[31]XIII.Etenim iam diu, patres conscripti, in his periculis coniurationis insidiisque versamur, sed nescio quo pacto omnium scelerum ac veteris furoris et audaciae maturitas in nostri consulatus tempus erupit.
参议员们啊,我们已经处在这些阴谋和背叛的危险中很长时间了,然而我不知道这一切罪行、由来已久的狂妄无耻行径成熟起来以后,怎么会在我们这届执政官的任期内一触即发了。
Quodsi ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur, videbimur fortasse ad breve quoddam tempus cura et metu esse relevati, periculum autem residebit et erit inclusum penitus in venis atque in visceribus rei publicae.
但是如果只让他一个人离开这班匪徒,我们也许看上去短时间从担忧及恐惧中解脱出来了,然而危险却扎下根来而且深深钻入共和国的血管和心脏。
Ut saepe homines aegri morbo gravi cum aestu febrique iactantur, si aquam gelidam biberunt, primo relevari videntur, deinde multo gravius vehementiusque adflictantur, sic hic morbus, qui est in re publica, relevatus istius poena vehementius reliquis vivis ingravescet.
就像身患重病的人,当他们因为高烧翻来覆去的时候,如果喝下冰凉的水,一开始看上去是好起来了,但最终病情会更加严重凶猛。这就是共和国的病,靠着对这个人的处罚暂时缓解,却终会因剩下那些活着的而变得越来越糟。
[32]Quare secedant inprobi, secernant se a bonis, unum in locum congregentur, muro denique, [id] quod saepe iam dixi, secernantur a nobis; desinant insidiari domi suae consuli, circumstare tribunal praetoris urbani, obsidere cum gladiis curiam, malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare; sit denique inscriptum in fronte unius cuiusque, quid de re publica sentiat.
所以,把这些恶人赶走吧,让他们远离那些善良的人吧,把他们集中于一处,让城墙——就像我经常说的——最终把他们和我们隔开,阻止他们把参议员谋杀在自己的家中、阻止他们围攻城市行政官的法庭、阻止他们仗着刀剑攻打元老院、阻止他们用柴堆和火炬烧毁城市吧!让每个人都在脸上写出他们对共和国的态度吧!
Polliceor hoc vobis, patres conscripti, tantam in nobis consulibus fore diligentiam, tantam in vobis auctoritatem, tantam in equitibus Romanis virtutem, tantam in omnibus bonis consensionem, ut Catilinae profectione omnia patefacta, inlustrata, oppressa, vindicata esse videatis.
参议员们,我向你们保证,我们执政官将愈加勤勉,你们将更加具有权威,罗马骑士们将更加勇猛,所有的优良公民之间将更加和谐,只要Catilina离开这里,你们将看到,所有的事情都会变得清晰、光明,所有的罪恶都会得到遏制和惩处。
[33]Hisce ominibus, Catilina, cum summa rei publicae salute, cum tua peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui se tecum omni scelere parricidioque iunxerunt, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac nefarium.
这些都表明,Catilina啊,为了城邦的最高安全,为了你的灾祸和灭亡,以及为了跟随你行各种罪恶与叛逆之事的人的毁灭,你应该离开这里,去发动残暴罪恶的战争吧。
Tu, Iuppiter, qui isdem quibus haec urbs auspiciis a Romulo es constitutus, quem Statorem huius urbis atque imperii vere nominamus, hunc et huius socios a tuis [aris] ceterisque templis, a tectis urbis ac moenibus, a vita fortunisque civium [omnium] arcebis et homines bonorum inimicos, hostis patriae, latrones Italiae scelerum foedere inter se ac nefaria societate coniunctos aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque mactabis.
而后,您,被Romulus看作与这座城市一样的保护者的Iuppiter大神,我们正确地称您为这座城市的支柱和圣王,请您抵挡这个人和他的同党,使他们远离您的祭坛和其他神殿之外、远离罗马城的房屋和城墙、远离公民们的生命与财产,而对高尚人们的敌人、祖国的叛徒和意大利的劫掠者,以罪恶的私党和无耻的联盟勾结起来的这些人,无论已然身死还是苟延残喘,请您用永恒的刑罚来报偿他们吧!

15世纪科恩(Köln)印本第一页
最后更新 2017-06-26 03:47:05