每个人都应该知道的禅修的一些风险

编者按：ELISHA GOLDSTEIN, PH.D提及的禅修可能会回避一些问题，这在1970—1980年间，杰克.安格尔、杰克.康菲尔德已经有专著讨论过这个问题。但目前由于正念取向心理练习越来越热，一些研究也在证明其正向效果。所以对这点的关注有点被忽视了。
这点对于正在热衷正念练习的人是十分重要的。而且正念在对一些病人教学时，必须配合一定的心理治疗干预。
____________________
What Everyone Should Know About the Dangers of Meditation
By ELISHA GOLDSTEIN, PH.D.
Here is a post I wrote a couple years ago that I wanted to revive as it’s increasingly important in the context of the fervor that is surrounding mindfulness as a wonderful antidote to stress, anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma chronic illness or as the seed of empathy, compassion, happiness and just a better life.
这是一个我几年前写的一个帖子，作为一个提醒，在围绕正念作为针对焦虑、抑郁、创伤性慢性疾病或者作为共情、同情、快乐和更好的生活的种子越来越火热、重要的情况下。
The following story shows us how even with the best intentions, it’s easy to fall into a trap of using meditation in a way that keeps us stuck in the perpetual cycles we’re wanting to heal.
下面的故事向我们展示了即使是带着最好的愿望，还是容易陷入某种练习禅修的陷阱，让我们处在不断的需要治疗的循环中。
In his recent article, Enlightenment Therapy, Chip Brown writes about a real life story that conveys the pitfalls of meditation, the importance of therapy and personal narrative and the potential benefits of a combined approach. The story is of Zen master, professor, poet, and essayist, Louis Nordstrom.
在Chip Brown最近的著作“启蒙治疗”中记录了一个真实的生活故事，显示了禅修的陷阱、个人叙述和治疗的重要性，以及联合治疗的潜在利益。这个故事是关于禅宗大师、专家、诗人、散文家--Louis Nordstrom.
For the purposes of this blog I’m not going to get into the differences between the various different approaches to meditation (e.g., Zen, Vipassana, etc..), but explore Brown’s illustration of the importance in being aware of the subtle motives we may have to engage in meditation and how we might be using as a form of escaping our pain.
基于这个博客的目的，我不准备去讨论各种禅修方法的区别（例如禅宗、内观等等），仅探索一下Brown阐述的这些重要性：意识到我们可能具有的参与禅修的微妙动机和我们如何会用来作为逃避痛苦的方式。
Many of us have experienced much wounding in our lives and some of us have even cultivated defensive coping styles as children to disengage or disassociate from these feelings in order to not be overwhelmed by them. Nordstrom experienced his own trauma and abandonment as a child and said:
我们中的很多人在生活中体验到很多伤害，一些人甚至在儿童时形成了防御性应对机制，来从这些痛苦感觉中脱离或解离出来，以避免被其淹没。Nordstrom在是童年期经历了过创伤和抛弃，他说：
“The Zen experience of forgetting the self was very natural to me,” he told me last fall. “I had already been engaged in forgetting and abandoning the self in my childhood, which was filled with the fear of how unreal things seemed.”
“禅宗中忘我的体验对来来说是很自然的。”上个秋天他告诉我。“我在我童年的时候已经处于忘记自我和放弃自我中，那个时候充满了对看上去不真实的事情的恐惧”
For Nordstrom, meditation felt like a natural fit as there was a familiarity and calmness that came from detaching from thoughts, feelings, and emotions. It was attractive. However, his own depression and challenges continually arose throughout his life. He decided to go back to therapy.
对于Nordstrom来说，禅修感觉是如此自然地合适，里面有着熟悉和安宁，来自于从想法、感觉和情绪中的分离。然而，在他的生活中抑郁和挑战还是持续的出现。他决定回去做心理治疗。
In therapy he came to understand a subtle, yet subversive motive he had to engage in meditation. In one way he was using meditation to cover up the pain he felt from the past, and by detaching from his thoughts, feelings, and emotions, so there was no self, he was saving himself from the possibility of his “self” ever getting abandoned again as he had by his mother in childhood.
在治疗中，他开始明白在参与禅修中他有一个微妙的、然而危险的动机。他用禅修来掩盖他感受到的来自过去的痛苦，通过从想法、感觉和情绪中分离，他保护了自己避免“自己”被再次抛弃的可能性，如他童年时被他母亲抛弃。
In other words, by using meditation to abandon himself, he saved himself from feeling the overwhelming pain of being abandoned by another in relationship. In doing this, he remained walled off and alone even in his relationships, which can be an instigator for depression.
另一方面来说，通过用禅修放弃自己，他保护自己免于在关系中被他人抛弃所感受到的压倒性的痛苦。在这个过程中，他在关系中保持隔离和孤立，而这可以成为抑郁症的一个触发点。
In returning to therapy he recognized something vital to his healing:
在回来治疗中，他认识的某些对他的康复至关重要的事：
“One of the most important insights I got from therapy with Jeffrey [the therapist] is that subconsciously I want the depth of my suffering to be witnessed by someone.”
在我与Jeffrey的治疗中我得到的一个最重要的一个领悟是：潜意识中我需要某人见证我深处的苦难“
So many of us, deep down, just want to be seen and acknowledged. Therapy and authentic friendships (which can be hard to come by since so many of us are unaware of our emotional triggers), can be a great source of having our pain understood, validated and accepted.
所以我们中很多人，事实上，是需要被看到和承认。治疗和真实的友谊（这很难得到，因为我们中如此多的人不能觉察我们的情绪触发）是一个大的源泉，让我们的痛苦被理解、确认和接纳。
Practicing mindfulness meditation is not about detaching and forgetting ourselves. It is about “being with” whatever is arising in the moment. We are attempting to pay attention to ourselves, on purpose, and when judgments arise (e.g., this is good/bad, right/wrong, fair/unfair), seeing if we can notice those, let them be and just bring ourselves back to the experience of connecting with ourselves, not disconnecting.
练习禅修并不是要隔离和忘记我们自己。它是关于“和..在一起”，不论那一刻发生什么。我们试图专注于我们自己，有目的的，当评判出现时（例如“这是好的/坏的、对的/错的、公平的/不公平的），看我们能否注意到这些，随它们在那里，只是带我们回到与我们自己连接的体验中，而不是断开连接。
Practicing mindfulness meditation in service of connection can be a wonderful source of healing.
练习服务于连接的正念禅修，是一个极好的康复来源。
From a mindfulness psychotherapeutic perspective, we are not trying disconnect from ourselves, but instead, become aware of all the history and experience that influences us today, remembering our life so we can cultivate insight into how it affects us intrapersonally and interpersonally in our relationships. We can learn to hold our past wounds in a nonjudgmental way, cultivating compassion and love for ourselves.
从一个正念心理治疗的角度来看，我们不是去与自己脱离连接，而是相反，是去觉察到所有那些在今天影响着我们的历史和经历。记得我们的生活，如此我们能培养洞悉它如何在内在影响我们，和在我们人际关系中的内在影响。我们能学到"hold"住我们过去的创伤，以不带评判的方式，培养对我们自己的同情和爱。
In the end, Louis Nordstrom was able to integrate the insights from therapy with his Zen practice. His journey of insight through his practice and therapy can be a great teacher to us all as we continue on our own paths through mindfulness and mental health.
最后，Louis Nordstrom能从治疗中整合内省和他的禅宗练习。他的禅修和治的内省旅程经历，能成成为我们的伟大老师，当我们继续我们自己的正念和精神健康的道路上时。
朱一峰翻译的